Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility.Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Cancer Immunotherapy Targeted Therapy
Product Name:
Human Integrin beta 1 Recombinant Protein (RPES0804)
Product Code:
RPES0804
Size:
20µg
Species:
Human
Expressed Host:
HEK293 Cells
Synonyms:
CD29,FNRB,GPIIA,MDF2,MSK12,VLA-BETA,VLAB
Accession:
CAA30790.1
Sequence:
Met 1-Asp728
Fusion tag:
C-His
Endotoxin:
<1.0 EU per µg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.
Protein Construction:
A DNA sequence encoding the human ITGB1 (CAA30790.1) (Met1-Asp728) was expressed with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus.
Purity:
> 90 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Mol Mass:
83.3 kDa
Formulation:
Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.
Shipping:
This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs.
Stability and Storage:
Lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80°C. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20°C for 3 months.
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