Background: | Activates Rho-GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. May be involved in epithelial barrier permeability, cell motility and polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, innate immune response, and cancer. Binds Rac-GTPases, but does not seem to promote nucleotide exchange activity toward Rac-GTPases, which was uniquely reported in May stimulate instead the cortical activity of Rac. Inactive toward CDC42, TC10, or Ras-GTPases. Forms an intracellular sensing system along with NOD1 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required for RHOA and RIP2 dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathways activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides through NOD1 that is independent of its GEF activity, but also in the activation of NF-kappaB by Shigella effector proteins (IpgB2 and OspB) which requires its GEF activity and the activation of RhoA. Involved in innate immune signaling transduction pathway promoting cytokine IL6/interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha secretion in macrophage upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans; acts as a signaling intermediate between NOD2 receptor and RIPK2 kinase. Contributes to the tyrosine phosphorylation of RIPK2 through Src tyrosine kinase leading to NF-kappaB activation by NOD2. |
Synonyms: | GEF-H1; GEFH1; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1; proliferating cell nucleolar antigen p40; rho/rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 |
UniProt Protein Function: | ARHGEF2: a microtubule-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac and Rho GTPases. Mediates cross-talk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. Contains a phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding and PH domain. |
UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; GEFs, Rac/Rho; GEFs Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q21-q22 Cellular Component: cell soma; cytoplasm; cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicle; cytoskeleton; cytosol; dendritic shaft; focal adhesion; Golgi apparatus; microtubule; protein complex; spindle; tight junction; vesicle Molecular Function:microtubule binding; protein binding; Rac GTPase binding; Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; Rho GTPase binding; Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; transcription factor binding; zinc ion binding Biological Process: actin filament organization; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; cell division; cell morphogenesis; establishment of mitotic spindle orientation; innate immune response; intracellular protein transport; mitosis; negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization; negative regulation of neurogenesis; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of GTPase activity; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; regulation of cell proliferation; regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction; small GTPase mediated signal transduction |
NCBI Summary: | Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate rho-dependent signals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009] |
UniProt Code: | Q92974 |
NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 205830906 |
NCBI Gene ID: | 9181 |
NCBI Accession: | Q92974.4 |
UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q92974,O75142, Q15079, Q5VY92, Q8TDA3, Q8WUG4, Q9H023 D3DVA6, |
UniProt Related Accession: | Q92974 |
Molecular Weight: | 108,242 Da |
NCBI Full Name: | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 |
NCBI Synonym Full Names: | Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 |
NCBI Official Symbol: | ARHGEF2 |
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | GEF; P40; GEFH1; LFP40; GEF-H1 |
NCBI Protein Information: | rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 |
UniProt Protein Name: | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 |
UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1; GEF-H1; Microtubule-regulated Rho-GEF; Proliferating cell nucleolar antigen p40 |
Protein Family: | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor |
UniProt Gene Name: | ARHGEF2 |
UniProt Entry Name: | ARHG2_HUMAN |